The Orphan Problem in India

In India, addressing the needs of orphaned and vulnerable children is a critical concern. Although the term "orphan" lacks a specific legal definition in the country, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act of 2015 recognizes children requiring care and protection as those who are either abandoned, subjected to abuse or neglect, or have lost both parents. To tackle this issue, India has established Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) in each district, composed of a chairperson and six members, including at least one woman and one child welfare professional, all appointed by the state government. These committees play a crucial role in safeguarding children's welfare through the investigation of abuse cases, provision of protection, facilitation of rehabilitation, and ensuring access to counseling and support services, under the oversight of the Indian Ministry of Women and Child Development.

As of 2022, official government reports identified approximately 153,000 orphans, but independent assessments, including those by UNICEF, suggest the problem is far more extensive, with an estimated 31 million children orphaned, including around 28 million girls. These children find care in nearly 9,589 orphanages across the country, with only 3.68% receiving government support. The disparity between the official figures and independent estimates underscores the vast scale of the challenge at hand. This situation underscores the urgent need for continued efforts and resources to support these vulnerable children and ensure their rights are protected in a nurturing environment.