Government Protections for Orphans in India

Orphans and abandoned children in India encounter significant challenges, including inadequate access to shelter, education, and healthcare. In response, the Indian government has launched several initiatives to support these vulnerable groups. Here we highlight three key programs: the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act of 2015, the Integrated Child Development Service Scheme (ICDS) of 1975, and the Pradhan Mantri Bal Suraksha Yojana (PMBSY) Program.

I. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act of 2015

This act represents a foundational legal framework dedicated to the care and protection of children in need, including orphans and abandoned children. It guarantees children's rights to education, healthcare, and secure living conditions, and offers rehabilitation services for recovery from abuse or neglect. However, the act's implementation faces hurdles, such as difficulties in reporting abuse within Child Care Institutions (CCIs) and potential underreporting due to power imbalances and fears of retaliation. Additionally, there's concern over Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) resolving issues internally rather than through legal channels, potentially obstructing justice for affected children.

II. Integrated Child Development Service Scheme (ICDS) 1975

Launched in 1975, ICDS aims to provide comprehensive early childhood care and nutrition. Services include supplementary nutrition, health check-ups, immunization, and preschool education, delivered by Anganwadi workers at the community level. Despite its objectives, ICDS struggles with challenges like insufficient funding, limited staff training, and restricted program awareness. Its design doesn't directly cater to orphans, especially those beyond its age scope, without clear parental, residential, or income records, limiting access to benefits.

III. Pradhan Mantri Bal Suraksha Yojana (PMBSY)

PMBSY seeks to aid orphaned children through a one-time financial grant. However, the program's structure, focusing on a lump sum payment, raises questions about its long-term impact on child welfare. Eligibility criteria require the child to be under 18, with at least one deceased parent, a resident of India, and not covered by other life insurance policies. This program, while offering financial relief, does not address the broader needs of orphans, especially those in institutional care or without formal guardianship.

These initiatives reflect India's efforts to support its orphans and abandoned children. Yet, they face execution challenges, including abuse reporting barriers and restrictive eligibility criteria, failing to fully address the needs of orphans. Enhancing these programs requires a focus on public awareness, increased funding, improved staff training, and a comprehensive strategy tailored to the unique situations of these children. By addressing these issues, India can better support its most vulnerable populations, paving the way for a more inclusive and supportive future.